LLM structured outputs : Anti-Patterns

When designing GenAI solutions that leverage structured outputs (like those now supported by OpenAI), it's crucial to avoid certain anti-patterns that could hinder flexibility, scalability, and maintainability. Here are some to consider:

1. Over-reliance on Structured Outputs

Problem: Tightly coupling your system to structured outputs can limit adaptability, as the GenAI model's structure may evolve or vary depending on new use cases.

Example: A system built solely around structured responses could break if the model’s API changes or introduces variability in the output format.

Solution: Build mechanisms that allow for graceful handling of unstructured data or different output formats. Keep integrations modular and adaptable to varying structures.

2. Hard-Coding Output Handling

Problem: Hard-coding logic to process specific keys or fields in structured output tightly couples your system to a particular version of the model.

Example: If a model’s structured output format evolves (e.g., changes in field names or nesting), hardcoded logic will fail.

Solution: Use dynamic parsing and validation methods to handle different versions of the output gracefully. Ensure backward compatibility where possible.

3. Neglecting Contextual Flexibility

Problem: Structured outputs often reduce the richness of nuanced, context-dependent responses that natural language outputs provide.

Example: Relying solely on structured data may overlook subtleties in conversational AI (e.g., emotions, intent), leading to less effective or rigid interactions.

Solution: Maintain a balance between structured data for specific tasks and unstructured data for flexible, nuanced communication. Ensure the system can switch between them when necessary.

4. Tight Coupling Between Agents and Structure

Problem: In agentic systems, having agents rely heavily on specific structured outputs can make it harder to add or modify agents without cascading changes.

Solution: Design agents to communicate in an abstract, schema-agnostic way, allowing the system to integrate diverse models with minimal changes.

5. Ignoring Long-term Maintainability

Problem: Frequent updates to structured output formats might require constant rework of the system’s integration layer.

Example: If a downstream service consumes only structured output and the format frequently changes, it introduces high maintenance overhead.

Solution: Abstract the integration layer and implement automated testing for different versions of the output, so that the system can adapt to changes with minimal manual intervention.

6. Underutilizing Hybrid Approaches

Problem: Over-emphasizing structured output could overlook scenarios where both structured and unstructured responses are useful.

Solution: Consider hybrid approaches that utilize structured data where necessary (for accuracy or downstream integration) but allow unstructured, human-like responses in other contexts (like customer support or creative tasks).

7. Assuming Output Completeness

Problem: Assuming that structured outputs will always cover all use cases leads to fragile systems.

Solution: Design systems with fallbacks for cases where the output is incomplete or where edge cases occur, to avoid unexpected failures in production.

By keeping these anti-patterns in mind, you can design GenAI solutions that are more flexible, maintainable, and capable of evolving with the technology.